Herbal Medicine Practice; The shortcomings Of The Professional Association (Part two)

The shortcomings of the Ghana Association of Medical Herbalists (GAMH), the only professional association of herbal medicine practice in Ghana is described in this article in accordance with the structure of an ideal professional association/body.

These include; Policy and Public affairs, Legal and governance, Education, Training and Continuous Professional Development (CPD), Membership and employer engagement, Research and Knowledge, International membership and affiliation, and Other factors.

EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND CONTINOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (CPD)

A professional association is expected to set, maintain and monitor educational and professional qualifications for professionals within the association. The training of health professionals in Ghana usually involve different stages. Medical training in KNUST involves first 3 years of Bachelor of Science degree in human biology after which another 3 years of bachelor in surgery and medicine is embarked on at a teaching hospital. An induction ceremony is then conducted for people who go through the entire program successfully.

The Ghana Medical Association's (GMA) contribution either directly or indirectly through the Ghana Medical and Dental council in the training process cannot be overlooked as it is their duty to ensure that each level of training of their professionals is critically looked at in the interest of the profession.

Others like Medical Laboratory Science, and Herbal medicine involves 4 years Bachelor of Science degree and internship after which professional exams are organized by the professional/regulatory council and those who excel offered professional certification. For reasons stated in the first part of this article, the board membership of the Traditional Medicine Practice Council (TMPC) , the council that offers certification to qualified Medical Herbalists does not extend to representatives from GAMH and as such GAMH's involvement in the education and training of its members right from the university to internship and professional certification level is almost nonexistent.

There have been irregularities with posting of interns, allowances for interns, professional examinations after internship, and induction ceremonies for new members. The TMPC, a regulatory council for Traditional Medical Practitioners (TMP's) by law with the controlling powers given to GHAFTRAM, a representative association of all TMP's whose training isn't formal/professional, controlling every aspect of the education and training of Medical Herbalists who are professionals.

Continuos Professional Development (CPD) training which is one of the programs organized by professional associations with support from their regulatory body/council and other stakeholders, is necessary to update the professional practice. GAMH has so far been able to organize about three CPD's for members in 2014, 2015, and 2016 respectively with the help of TMPC and stakeholders in the health field. CPD should be more frequent (at least yearly) to enhance any professional profession.

MEMBERSHIP AND EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT
There is no professional association or association of any kind without active membership. The welfare of members should be the topmost priority of any professional association. provision should be made to ensure that all members in a professional association are practicing actively with good conditions of service offered by employers. A professional association is expected to engage with employers both in the government and private sectors to negotiate good conditions of service for members. Discrepancies with payment of dues by members for instance can be avoided by making arrangements with employers to make deduction of association dues from monthly salaries before members receive their salaries. The controllers and Accountant generals department does payment to people employed by government

. It is instructed by most professional association to directly deduct dues of members and transfer them into the association's account. GAMH since its initiation has been faced with members participation and involvement. An attempt made by GAMH through BUSAC to create employment for Medical Herbalists by the Ghana Health Service(GHS) in 2012 although successful only led to the piloting of herbal medicine services in selected government health institutions and as such only few are employed by government at the expense of several successive batches of Medical Herbalists inducted into the practice who are unemployed. Most members expect that the pilot project should have led to a full Integration that will require every hospital in Ghana to have a herbal medicine unit/Clinic by law. The efforts made by GAMH to ensure this has since not been fruitful. There is no engagement between GAMH and employers in the private herbal medicine practice sector to help negotiate conditions of service to protect members from harsh/unprofessional treatment from employers

.GAMH's iniability to do the above and more despite their efforts ( known and unknown) have led to challenges with member participation, dues payment, etc. In addition, there isn't a concrete member register by GAMH to monitor members. and a set annual general assembly( AGM) although meetings are sometimes organized.

RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE
Members of professional health association are expected to from time to time make researches about the various aspects of their practice. The professional association is espected to provide a means ( a Journal usually linked with the website) by which the researches of members are published to share knowledge to wide range of stakeholders including policy makers and professionals, both within and outside the industry. Ghana Medical Journal (GMJ), Ghana Pharmaceutical Journal (GPJ) for Ghana medical association and Pharmaceutical Society of ghana respectively are few examples of professional Journals through which research and knowledge of members are shared. GAMH. does not have a Journal in place to help members, interns and students who research into different areas of herbal medicine practice share knowledge acquired to improve the herbal medicine industry.

A professional association is espected to promote its practice through every means possible. This is done through public education either directly by the association or through stakeholders including students (herbal medical students at KNUST, etc) at the tertiary level. GAMH is trying its best with public education but their effort is still not enough as there are still lots of misconceptions on the practice of herbal medicine, and herbal medicines. The Ghana Association of Medical Herbalists ( GAMH) is expected to contribute to issues that spring up regarding herbal medicines and the practice in general in Ghana usually through the media to offer its professional views rather than leave it to members of GHAFTRAM who most of the time are contacted to speak.

These people ( GHAFTRAM) lack good foundation in medicine/health and pharmaceutical sciences so therefore are unable to explain the issues well for other professionals in the health delivery system to understand and relate with. GAMH can change this by sharing its views through press releases on current issues on health regarding herbal medicines or herbal medicine practice in Ghana. The power of the media cannot be underestimated in the attempt to make GAMH relevant and recognized.

INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIP AND AFFILIATIONS
international membership and affiliations offers professionals in a common practice platforms to relate and share ideas to improve the practices in their countries.. GAMH currently has no international membership/affiliation with professional associations natural medicine / herbal medicine practice despite existence of such practices in countries like the United Kingdom, Germany, and China, to mention a few.

OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS
WEBSITE- professional associations are expected to have current websites to promote their activities. A typical professional website contains stuffs like constitution, information on executives, link to Journal, news update on practice, upcoming events/program, etc. The Ghana Association of Medical Herbalists (GAMH) does not have a website to inform the public of its existence and It's activities.

NEED FOR TOTAL REBRANDING- A total rebranding by the professional association may be necessary to help promote the professional practice of herbal medicine in Ghana. There have always been issues about the professional name "Medical Herbalist" chosen prior to the existence of GAMH to conform with that used in the UK. It should be noted that the definition and perceptions associated with the word "Herbalist" as a component of a professional name differs between both countries (Ghana and UK).

The formal herbal medicine training gives one all the knowledge and skills needed to diagnose common diseaases the medical way and in addition broad knowledge on preparation,preservation,packaging, registration, prescription, and dispensation of different forms of herbal medicines that meets modern trend. A change of professional name from Medical Herbalist to say Herbal Medical Doctor (HMD) will instill more confidence and professional pride in the practice from students in the University level through to interns and practitioners. Most practitioners have refused to accept the title because the misconception associated with it. A change of title will change the professional association's name from GAMH to say Herbal Medical Doctors Association of Ghana (HEMDAG) or Ghana Association of Herbal Medical Doctors (GAHEMD).

NB:
This article irrespective of the title is meant to inform the government, other stakeholders in the health delivery system, and the general public on the need to empower the professional association of herbal medicine practice, GAMH, and the professionals in effect to take control of the herbal industry in the interest of the general public. The contributions from practising Medical Herbalists ( both in the private and public sector), Interns, Ghana Herbal Medical Students Association(GHEMSA), and the public in addition to the stated references below were very helpful in putting together this article.

REFERENCES
1. (MOH, 2005), Policy on Traditional Medicine Practice.

2. Traditional Medicine Practice by Marian Ewurama Addy.

3.Strategic Plan for Traditional Health Care in Ghana (2000 - 2004). Second draft. Ministry of Health, Ghana. August 1999.

4. Understanding the values of professionals and professional bodies by the Chartered Institute of Building(CIOB)

5. Traditional Medicine Practice Act 2000
6. Constitutional laws of Ghana by Francis Bennion
EMMANUEL BENTIL ASARE ADUSEI,
BSC HERBAL MEDICINE, KNUST
C.E.O, ADUBEN HERBAL CONSULT
Bentilemmanuelasare@yahoo.com
+233546678401